Optimum parameters extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using Fractional‐Order Whale Optimization Algorithm

Abstract This study proposes a novel metaheuristic‐based technique for optimum parameters' estimation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To provide better results with more reliability and accuracy, Fractional Order‐based design Whale Optimizer Algorithm (FO‐WOA) is designed. A validation test showed that proposed method provides good trade‐off between accuracy convergence speed. Performing algorithm multiple independent runs also shows delivers reliable toward some other comparative metaheuristic algorithms. then used minimization sum square deviation experimental voltage‐current polarization optimal achieved by model based on FO‐WOA. The validated considering two practical case studies, which are Nexa PEMFC 250 W PEM system, its achievements put in comparison approaches to indicate higher effectiveness others. FO‐WOA‐based 12 errors (SSE) provided minimum error other. Also, experiments Stack indicated 3/5 bar 80°C, 0.01 SSE fittest profile data, finally, same stack 80°C least value (0.16)